Tuesday, 12 February 2013

Audience Tasks part 2- How have audiences have been contructed for these films

How audiences have been constructed for these films?
 Warm Bodies
Warm Bodies is an american romantic comedy released in 2013. The film follows the zombie R and a young woman named Julie and how their eventual romance develops throughout the film.

Age
From my understand from viewing the marketing campiagn of warm bodies one could assume that the film is marketed towards the 15- 24 year old demographic. This can be evidence by the use of featuring teens as the central image and central protagonists on the posters as they offer to the  teen viewer characters which they can relate and connect to. Furthermore the poster also features the "ideal looking teenager" and therefore younger audiences will be much more attracted to see this film on the basis of watch an "attractive" actor.  In addition in the films other posters it features language that isn't to be used by an older audience such as "hot" and"bros" and lexis
 that would be considered as taboo among an older audience but would be acceptable among younger audiences such as "sexy". From this one could suggest that warm body marketing campaign mixes slight sexualised imagery and more slang and colloquial language to appear relatable and more appealing to a younger audience (such slang and colloquial language can be consider much of a thing found in the speech of someone younger).

Other posters
Moreover the film is a comedy, this may evidence my prediction of its target demographic as according to research found on the BFI statistical yearbook comedies such as The Hangover part 2 and The Inbetweeners movie. See Audience Tasks part 1 post

Gender
From watching the trailer for the film one could assume that the film has constructed a male audience whether this is intended or not its up for debate. One could assume this via the very action like themes that are seen within the trailer such as many scenes which inolve guns and comic violence; from my research using the BFI statistical year book these sort of features appeal to the male audience as men preferred action films such as Captain America, Mission Impossible - Ghost protocol, and transformers dark of the moon than women. (See Gender section of Audience Tasks part 1). Additionally after watching the trailer I found a two comments on you tube that I believe to further evidence the point of the film appealing to the male audience more as seen on the right.From my understanding the first comment"finally a zombie movie to show your girlfriends. LOL" may evidence how this film can appeal to the male audience,it serves as a film in which both people in a couple can enjoy since it features themes which can be considered as themes which are consumed by both male and females,i.e. mixing romance with action. Whereas the second comment,"Just watched it, it was so good, could have had more action scenes but hey, im a dude", may evidence how action theme appeal to men as this male viewer has mentioned how he liked the film but it needed more action.
Furthermore one may also suggest that this film may also appeal to the female demographic as evidenced from my research on the BFI yearbook, "films such as Bridesmaids, Jane Erye, One Day and the Twilight saga Breaking dawn part 1 had a much greater share in the female demographic." Whats significant about these films is that these films all share a romatic theme to it. This may evidence that the female demographic the romance genre which also happens to be the genre warm bodies may fall into.

Social Grade
From my research on the BFI yearbook one could speculate that perhaps Warm Bodies may appeal to a more DE audience as from my findings I have noticed that films that are popular among DE audiences such as Fast and Furious 5 and Johnny English Reborn are either action films or comedy films. This genre can be stereotyped as a genre which is simply for escapism and allows audiences to "wind down" and immerse themselves in the narrative. The same effect can be applied to Warm Bodies; it features a fantasy like narrative with over the top action and comic elements which allow audiences to be sucked into these worlds, this as an effect may appeal more to the DE audience and not the AB audience since from analysing the films which were popular among said audience i.e. Jane Eyre, Kings Speech, One Day, Senna and Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy, I have noticed that these films are either biopics or have a sense of grounded realism in contrast to the fantasy films which may be enjoyed more by the DE audience.

Characteristics and values
One may assume that audiences that may view this film may be zombie fans with its zombie romance themes and fans of the twilight series since this film bears the similar theme of "girl meets classic horror monster boy and fall in love". However some may argue and say that people who watch this film may be in fact hate the twilight series as evidenced by the tongue in cheek marketing campaign that is clear parodying the twilight books and monster romance genre as evidenced by the two posters on the left. Notice how the Warm Bodies poster adopts the pose on the twilight poster and subverts it signifying how this product can be considered as a parody of twilight.




Skyfall
Skyfall is the 23rd James Bond film produced by Eon productions  and was distributed by MGM and Sony Pictures Entertainment in 2012. The film was directed by Sam Mendes and features Daniel Craig as James Bond.

Age
One can suggest that the film may appeal to the 15- 24 audience with its action themes. (as previously mentioned, the action genre perfomed very well to 15 - 24 year old demographic: source BFI statistical yearbook) However due to the legacy that James Bond holds among its audiences one may also suggest that these films would appeal to those who managed to watch the original Bond films when they were younger i.e the 40 and up cinema goer.

Furthermore notice how on the film poster for skyfall on the right it feature quite a dull colour scheme which may connote a sense of gritty realism to the film rather than using an array of over the top explosion graphics to convey a more action like title. This colour scheme adds some sophistication to the film and makes the film seem more mature and grounded in realism; features that according to the BFI yearbook appeal to older audiences with films such as Kings speech, Sherlock Holmes: A game of thrones and Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy managed to attracting a mass audience of cinema-goers in the 45- 54 age group. Most of those films use a dark colour pallete to convey grittyness and ground their films more in reality to appeal to their audience.

Gender
From looking at the skyfall marketing campaign and the products that associate themselves with the film one may assume that the film is directed at more of a male audience featuring Daniel Craig on most of the graphics as bond" the ideal man"; looking tough and powerful with his big gun (phallic symbol) and expensive cars. He serves as a model that all men need to aspire to be" and as an effect man may be inclined to watch the film to see their model in action and to see how they can alter themselves to be this perfect man. Moreover the film features numerous amounts of sponsorship and product placement from other products  and brands which are known to target the male demographic such as Aston Martin,coke zero and Heineken. This may clearly signify how this film is directed towards the male audience as it heavily features products that are believed to be very masculine. Additionally this point can be further evidenced with the image below a luxury car with a james bond graphic on it. Cars are stereotypically known as something that appeals to more of the male audience with shows such as top gear which evidence this trope.

Also the film is has action themes which according the BFI research appeal more the male demographic as previously mentioned, however a more female demographic may find skyfall appealing because of the actor Daniel Craig. Some within said demographic may be more inclined to watch the film to see an "attractive actor" Craig perform.

Social grade
From my research on the BFI yearbook one could speculate that perhaps Skyfall may appeal to a more AB audience. Although it features action themes which may be more appealling to those of a DE audience, the action seen in the film is much more grounded in reality in a sense and features very little over the top violence that DE audiences may enjoy however the film may appeal to DE audiences as the character Bond and the values he holds may seem appealing to said audience in the form of a role model.

Characteristics and Values 
One may assume that those who may watch this film are the bond type of person, those who live on the edge and seek thrills and danger however one may argue that those who see this aspire to be these thrill seeker characters. As evidenced by the products which associate themselves with the bond brand such as Aston martin cars which are known for their speed and luxury. This aspect of speed may be appealing to those who want to seek thrills in their life. By associating the bond brand with these cars this conveys how the bond brand is for those who want thrills in their life.


A Good Day to Die Hard
A Good Day to Die Hard is an American action film directed by John Moore which was release in 2013.It is the 5th installment in the Die Hard film series and features Bruce Willis reprising his role as John Mcclane.

Age
One may already assume that this films target demographic would be 15- 24 year olds since since the film falls into the action genre which according to the BFI research is found to be very appealing to said demographic. This can also be evidenced by the tagline on the on the films poster "yippee ki-yay mother russia"  which is a play on Mcclane's famous catchphrase which does include some vulgarity. This insinuation may not be appropriate for younger audiences and thus evidences that the film may be more appealing to an older audience. However one can also argue that the film may have also have an older following to it i.e.  audiences who were old enough to watch the original Die Hard. 


Gender
After watching the trailer of a Good Day to Die Hard,one can establish that the film may be marketed towards the male demographic as it features oversexualised imagery of women and over the top action which are features that are seen in films such as transformers dark of the moon which according to the BFI yearbook was consumed largely by a male demographic (73% of male audiences consumed this film in contrast to the 23% of women in 2011).

Furthermore the offical website to the film further reinforces this idea of a male direction by playing various action clips in the background with a colour palette that consists of reds and blacks which are considered very masculine colours.

Social grade

From my previous research on the BFI website similar films to Die Hard 5 such as the fast and furious performed well among the DE audience. This may evidence the Die Hard 5 may appeal more to a DE audience as it features many themes that are similar and according to the BFI yearbook may be appealing to DE audiences such as simple action for audiences to enjoy for the purpose of escapism.

Characteristics and values
One may assume that viewers that may watch the new Die hard film may be viewers who watch films for the purpose of a "rollercoaster ride" rather than to be challenged or informed as evidenced by the trailer which features many typical action comnventions such as over the top violence. These viewers want to watch something they are used to and allows them to relax rather than to be constantly thinking about what is going on.



Monday, 11 February 2013

Audience Tasks part 1

Audience Tasks part 1 - Summary of Bfi statistical yearbook 2012

According to the 2012 BFI statistical yearbook the total  size of film audiences in the UK in 2011 was estimated to be 5.1 billion. Television was accounted for 77% of the total film audience, followed by video which was 14 percent, then downloading and streaming via all sources at 5.5% and finally cinema 3.4%.


A more in depth look at the stats and figures of audience size in 2011

Film by age
The graph above shows age trends in cinema goers from 1997- 2007. The amount of people who go to the cinema aged 45 and above have increased at the expense of younger cinema goers from 1997-2008 and increased again in 2011 following 2 years of decline. According to the BFI yearbook this was caused by the number of box office success aimed at this particular audience of older cinema goers; these films include The kings speech, Jane Eyre and Tinker Tailor soldier spy.

According to the statistical yearbook, family films such as Gnomeo and Juliet and Horrid Henry the movie appealed to the 7- 14 year old audience whereas comedies such as The Hangover part 2 and The Inbetweeners movie and action films such as the Fast and Furious 5 appealed to the 15- 24 age group. Parents and careers of children meant that shares for family films such as Arthur's christmas and Kung fu panda 2 were higher than average. The films Kings speech, Sherlock Holmes: A game of thrones and Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy managed to attract a mass audience of cinema-goers in the 45- 54 age group. Furthermore according to the yearbook UK films appealed strongly to the over 55 audience.

Film by Gender 
According to the graph below men preferred action films such as Captain America, Mission Impossible - Ghost protocal, and transformers dark of the moon whereas films such as Bridesmaids, Jane Erye, One Day and the Twilight saga Breaking dawn part 1 had a much greater share in the female demographic.


 Film by social Group
 From the graph below, one can establish that films such as Jane Eyre, Kings Speech, One Day, Senna and Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy featured a strong appeal to the AB audience whereas films such as Fast and Furious 5 and Johnny English Reborn were found to be much more appealing to the DE audience.



 
 
 


Sunday, 10 February 2013

Representation

Representation in the media and the Male gaze

Representation

Representation refers to the construction of aspects of 'reality' in any medium. These elements of reality include people, places, objects, events, cultural identities and other abstract concepts. Such representations may be depicted in speech or writing as well as still or moving pictures.

The gaze
The concept of the gaze refers to the ways in which the audience view the people presented.
 The male gaze can be traced back to the essay "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema" which was produced by  film theorist Laura Mulvey in 1975.

Mulvey states that women in film are seen as objects of desire.
Mulvey believes that film audience view characters from the perspective of a heterosexual male and thus women are seen more as objects.


Three parts of to the Male Gaze
  • Men looking at women
  • According to Mulvey's theory men are more inclined to look at the 'curvy parts' of the female body. One feature of the male gaze is that cameras tend to be more focused on these 'curvy parts' thus objectifying women on film
  •  Women looking at themselves
  • Women are made to look at themselves in a negative way, comparing their appearance against the women depicted in the media and finding faults with their appearance. This make women aspire to be like the 'ideal woman' depicted in these texts.
  • Women looking at women
  • Women are forced to look at other women through the perspective of a 'heterosexual male viewer' therefore women can see the women on screen in a sexual way. However according to the theory they judge and compare themselves to the other women on screen.


Monday, 4 February 2013

How have websites used convergence to increase audience awareness and participation in order to promote and sustain interest in the film?

How have websites used convergence to increase audience awareness and participation in order to promote and sustain interest in the film?


Gangster squad is an American action crime film directed by Reuben Fleischer released in January 2013.

http://gangstersquad.warnerbros.com/

The official website to the film uses a range of features which shows evidence of media convergence.

For example in the lower left hand side of the page there's a link to social media sites such as facebook, twitter and youtube. 


These links link to official pages of the film and increase audience awareness by targeted sites which have a mass audience. Furthermore on the side of these links is a share tab to share the website on theses social networking sites. This as an effect is viral marketing and allows the link to this site spread fast around the internet. Additionally these official pages sustain interest in their audience by releasing updates to these audiences news feed for instance say if one likes the official Facebook page of gangster squad they will be constantly updated with news of the film as well as teasers and sometimes competitions which involve audiences.


The website also features a download page full of free downloads such as wallpapers for desktop and laptop computers as well as ipad, iphone and Facebook cover posters. The purpose of this is to keep the audiences constantly interested for instance say if one were to download a skin for a personal device such as a phone the first thing they would see when they use said product would be essentially a free advert for the company. In addition the downloads are for media products which are widely used therefore audiences are exposed to this "free advert" for a long time. Facebook covers create a new effect however, they have been developed more for the viral marketing side. To elaborate by people downloading and using this cover for Facebook a popular  networking site this creates easy promotion for the film since people will be looking at these covers when browsing their friends profiles.




Moreover the website also includes a sweepstakes tab which audiences by introducing a competition which a grand prize that is very desirable. This will cause mass audiences to sign up to this competition while endorsing the film in the background and thus creates awareness of the film.

In addition the website also offers a link to a page concerning the original soundtrack of the film; within this page features preview sound samples which people can listen to and also share via the facebook like tab on the page. The significance of this is by sharing bits of the soundtrack to the public that can be easily accessed this may get audiences who listen to said sounds in a mood for the film which will generate and or sustain interest in the film, not only this but the addition of the integration of social media will allow people to share their listening experiences with others with a the click of a simple like button. This as an effect creates viral marketing which promotes the film.

Overall the website to the film Gangster squad converges with many social media formats and use many social devices and events to promote and sustain interest in its product for example the share tab located on the websites front page for users to share the website and allow it to be promoted viraly or featuring content that is exclusively used by phones and ipads which are social devices which can easily share this type of content thus promoting the film in a similar manner.



Looper
Looper is an American science fiction film written and directed by Rian Johnson and was released in September 2012.

 http://www.loopermovie.com/site/

Similar to the Gangster Squad website the official site to looper uses media convergence to increase its audience awareness in order to promote and sustain interest in the film.

For example both the Gangster Squad and looper website feature a share tab which link to social media sites such as Facebook twitter and Facebook however the website to looper has a specific hashtag to looper's twitter page. This allows users to tweet and share their opinions about the film while generating search interest in the film looper and thus promoting the film.  Moreover the use of currently popular social media formats which allow people to subscribe to news feeds such as tumblr,instagram allow the producers to share content such as images to a mass audience and generate interest.



Furthermore the website is very interactive with the user offer a non conventional way of exploring the site a navigation system that is very reminiscent in the GUI of many video games. This may generate even more entertainment value by exploring the site, this entertainment value may produce into a sort of word of mouth for the site as users can easily share their feelings about the website via the share tab located on the site. This in turn will help promote the film as the film will gain a mass following as audiences will share the link to the site on popular sites such as Facebook and twitter.

The looper site also includes a downloads page, similar to Gangster squad users can download wallpapers for twitter or for their personal devices such as computers and laptops. The idea behind these free downloads is to create free endorsement for the product for example for twitter by people using these wallpapers for their twitter account many of the people following the account will be exposed to the looper graphic and brand and therefore producers have easily generated audience awareness. Furthermore by including a download page this generates even more interactivity with the audience as it allows audiences to take away something from their experience of visiting the site thus subtly sustaining interest in the film as audiences will are more likely to remember their visit to the site with a sort of sovenier to keep; the wallpaper on their desktop. This evidences how the site is converging with social media platforms and using official wallpapers based on the film to sustain interest.

Another evidence of media convergence is how the site integrates video to promote and sustain interest in the film. The site features a separate tab for video which includes teaser trailers which have been created to tease audiences into gaining an interest in the film with its short highlights of the film. Furthermore on the video tab it mentions you can earn up to 250 sony reward points by watching the trailers. This creates interest in the film as sony reward points allow users to buy vouchers and products using these points therefore by offering this points in such an easy and relaxed way to audiences, viewers are more inclined to click on these links to get the "free stuff" whilst being exposed to the film; this creates easy promotion for the film. Moreover video content is something so ideal for sharing with friends especially with a sony rewards scheme, users will be more inclined to share the news of this video deal thus promoting the film among friends and family.

In addition the site has also converged with the video game medium by including a tab dedicated to web games that have been developed in conjunction to the film. The purpose of these little min games is generate more interactivity with the audience and the website this in turn creates for a more memorable experience and sustain interest in the film. Moreover audiences can share their playing experience via a like tab which links directly to one Facebook feed thus promoting the film on facebook a large social media network.

In conclusion the officail site to looper  uses convergence by using integrated social media devices  just like the gangster squad website to improve its communications with audiences and distribute information easily.However the looper site features many interactive tools such as games and a unique GUI to create a more memorable experience that may sustain interest in the film
 
 

Tuesday, 29 January 2013

Media studies - exhibition

Media studies - exhibition


What happened in the summer of 2007?
  • Cinema attendance rose to its highest point in 40 years

What do exhibitors need and what are the problems facing them in the 21st century?
  • what they is
  • The problems they are currently facing is piracy and how to deal with the wide distribution of pirated films which are causing the industry to take less risks when developing a film.
What has driven the rise in cinema audiences since 1984?
  • The opening of multiplexes and the release of good films
location
Why were the older multiplexes out of town? What did they need? Whats happened in recent years?
  • Multiplexes were out of town because of the size of them and also because they were very expensive to build
  • Multiplexes need a nice viewing experience to do well, this includes a large screen, comfortable seats, good sound and picture quality and also a well thought out placement of seats.
  • Multiplexes have been moving back into town centres in recent years.
Curzon Cinemas/City Screen are niche exhibitors - how do they compete against the majors?
  • They would show a mix of blockbuster and art-house films.
Audience
Who are an increasing part of the changing audience of cinema goers?
  • The Baby Boomer generation
How do film bookers decide what films go where? How far in advance are films booked? When are their decisions reviewed?
  • Films are booked 2- 4 weeks ahead.
  • The decide what films go where by working out what film would appeal to the local demographic.
  • They make their decision via opening weekend stats.
The vue cinema chain spent millions doing research called mosaic profiling. What did they discover?
  • The vue discovered by appealing to a certain ethnicity they can fill their cinemas - showing bollywood films in a predominately Asian area may increase the size of your audience.
How do people decide which cinema to go to? Where does brand tend to be in the top ten?
  • People decide on which cinema to go to by taking in such questions into consideration; how am I going to get there, what films are showing etc.
  •   Brand names tends to come 8th in the top ten.
How do Curzon cinemas attempt to differentiate between themselves and the majors?
  • By screening specialised films.
What percentage of audience leaving a cinema did not know the name or brand of that cinema?
  • 75 %
Whats going to happen with the arrival of digital projection?
  • It will allow cinemas to show live sports and events or show films based on a simultaneous audience vote.
  •  Digital 3D will make film going more like an event
How will the digital screen network help niche exhibitors like Curzon reach a wider audience than their typical 25-45 age range?
  • It will allow Curzon to store more films and set up viewing easier.
How are cinemas attempting to differentiate themselves from home entertainment?
  • Cinemas are attempting to differentiate themselves from home entertainment by making cinemas much more event like.

Sunday, 27 January 2013

Cutting it analysis

 Cutting it analysis

Cutting It is a tv drama series set in Manchester, England, following on the lives of a group of people running a hairdressing salon. It ran for four series between 2002 and 2005. 

Editting

Visual effects
  • ring recolouring - the ring has been recoloured with a blue tint furthermore the ring is very bright; foreshadows a bad event that may tear apart his relationship.
  • slow motion- in the running to shows the mans futile efforts  to save the woman and to enhance the drama.

Mis en scene
Location
  • The interior of the consultants office and taxi are both studio builds
  • The cafe and hospital were shot on location
  • The cafe connotes a calm environment in contrast to the office which conveys a sense of worry.
  • The scenes set in the taxi allows viewers to gain an insight into the relationship between the two characters.  

Objects and Props
  • Scattered flowers- symbolise death; flowers reminiscent of flower reaths at funerals 
  • Her floral dress also emphasises this link
  • Wedding ring -shown  in several symbolic shots, during times of uncertainty, man's ring is the main focus. showing its importance in the show.

 Lighting
  •  Light placed away from the taxi - if light is used as a symbol for life it could be suggested they are moving away from life and or leaving it behind.
  • The woman's face is slightly shadowed before the doctors appointment - foreshadowing her death.
  • Doctors place, unnatural light - emphasise the cruelty of her death
  
Camera shots and movement 
  • Two shot in the taxi -frames conveys couples intimacy and allows audiences to make a connection between the two characters.  
  • Ariel shot - contrasts with the taxi shot as audiences are distanced from the couple and also conveys the woman's vulnerability.
  • Extreme close up of the ring - the man is fiddling with the ring; he is holding onto their marriage. 
  • POV shot - creates tension; puts the audience in the drivers seat, we get to feel the shock he is feeling.
  • Crane shot of the doctors office - we do not hear any speech nor do we see the full interior, this could interpreted as the woman having an outer body experience because of how surreal her news is.
  • Close up shot of the woman crying - the emotion on her face is mixed and conveys neither happiness or sadness; from this we don't know if its good or bad news this as an effect creates tension.
  • Establishing shot of the exterior of hospital - establishes location and gives us and idea of where they are going as previously mentioned in the taxi shots.
  • Alternating shots of the couple - allows audience to see both characters interacting with each other. In the shots that centre on the man we can see the woman, however in the shots that centre on the woman we cant see the man. Perhaps this relates to her feelings towards the man; shes just not interested in him nor is he even part of her world.
  • Close up of them holding hands - reinforces their intimacy.
Sounds 

Verbal Soundtrack
  • Dialogue,voiceover,narrations
  • The dialogue between the characters shows the viewer the characters thoughts and emotions. This also mixes with background noises.
Soundtrack  
  •  Natural Sounds, pauses and silence
  • Natural sounds -The car skidding shows something bad has happened even though audiences cant see what has happened.
Music Score
  •  Stings - an extract of a song
  •  Stings - a slow and sombre song played during the cafe and office scenes. This blocks out the dialogue so the audience can't hear whats being said.
  • The last line of the song before it fades is "remember what you see"this may hold some relevance talking to the audience to prepare themselves for the "big shock".
  • The sound of the heart beat - blocks out his surroundings emphasises his fear.
  • When audiences see the man holding the woman body we hear dramatic music which builds the tension.
Ambient Sound
  • General background noise
  • Dialogue louder than the diagetic sound of moving traffic -sets the scene

Do you like the background ?